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1.1 Background and System Architecture Analysis

Category Android Basic Tutorial

1. Android Background and Current Status

The Android system was created by Andy Rubin and later acquired by Google; the earliest version was Android 1.1. The latest version is Android M, introduced at the Google I/O conference on May 28th. Interestingly, Android versions are named after desserts. Below is a table of 15 Android versions, their corresponding API numbers, and release dates!

System Version Name API Version Number Release Date
Android 1.5: Cupcake 3 2009.4.30
Android 1.6: Donut 4 2009.9.15
Android 2.0/2.0.1/2.1: Eclair 5/6/7 2009.10.26
Android 2.2/2.2.1: Froyo 8 2010.5.20
Android 2.3: Gingerbread 9 2010.12.7
Android 3.0: Honeycomb 11 2011.2.2
Android 3.1: Honeycomb 12 2011.5.11
Android 3.2: Honeycomb 13 2011.7.13
Android 4.0: Ice Cream Sandwich 14 2011.10.19
Android 4.1: Jelly Bean 16 2012.6.28
Android 4.2: Jelly Bean 17 2012.10.30
Android 4.3: Jelly Bean 18 2013.7.25
Android 4.4: KitKat 19 2013.11.01
Android 5.0: Lollipop 21 2014.10.16
Android M: Preview 22 2015.5.28

In addition to these public versions, there are other versions as well. As of January 2015, the market share of each version is as follows:

#

After reviewing the above information, we might have a question: With so many system versions, which one should we target for development? This is a problem that every Android developer must face, known as Android's "fragmentation" issue, which can be divided into two parts: ① System Fragmentation: When developing an app, we might need to ensure compatibility with older versions, such as down to version 2.3. Due to the prevalence of custom ROMs, many users modify the original system, leading to issues where features work on stock systems but not on custom ROMs, such as camera access. ② Screen Fragmentation: There are various screen sizes for phones, such as 4.3 inches, 4.5 inches, 4.7 inches, 5.0 inches, 5.3 inches, etc. In addition to phones, there are also Android tablets. Therefore, when developing, we might need to address screen compatibility issues. However, as beginners, we don't need to consider these complex aspects initially; we will delve into them during actual development.

2. Android System Features and Platform Architecture

System Features:

>

Platform Architecture Diagram:

Simple Understanding of the Architecture:

>

3. Summary:

This section explored the historical background and current status of Android, then briefly analyzed its system features and architecture. These conceptual aspects are worth understanding, and in the next section, we will start setting up the Android development environment!

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