Data Structures and Algorithms
A data structure (English: data structure) is a way of storing and organizing data in a computer.
A data structure is a collection of data elements that have certain logical relationships, are applied in a certain storage structure in a computer, and encapsulate corresponding operations. It includes three aspects: logical relationships, storage relationships, and operations.
Different types of data structures are suitable for different types of applications, and some are even specifically designed for specific tasks. For example, computer networks rely on routing tables to operate, and B-trees are highly suitable for database encapsulation.
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This tutorial will introduce basic data structures and algorithm analysis, with source code references available at https://github.com/liuyubobobo/Play-with-Algorithms.
Why Learn Data Structures and Algorithms?
As applications become more complex and data becomes richer, millions, billions, or even trillions of data points may appear, and operations such as searching, inserting, or sorting on such large datasets can become increasingly slow. Data structures are used to solve these problems.
What You Need to Know Before Reading This Tutorial
Before you start reading this tutorial, you must have a basic understanding of Java programming concepts. If you are not familiar with these concepts, it is recommended that you read our Java Tutorial first.
Common Data Structures
-Stack: A stack is a special type of linear list that allows data node insertion and deletion only at one fixed end of the list.
-Queue: A queue is similar to a stack, also a special type of linear list. Unlike a stack, a queue allows insertion at one end and deletion at the other end.
-Array: An array is an aggregate data type that organizes several variables of the same type into a collection in order.
-Linked List: A linked list is a data structure that stores data elements in a linked storage structure, which has the characteristic of physical non-continuity.
-Tree: A tree is a typical non-linear structure, including a finite set K of two nodes.
-Graph: A graph is another non-linear data structure. In graph structures, data nodes are generally called vertices, and edges are ordered pairs of vertices.
-Heap: A heap is a special tree-shaped data structure, usually discussed as a binary heap.
-Hash Table: A hash table originates from the hash function, with the idea that if there is a record with a key equal to T in the structure, it must be found at the storage location of F(T), allowing the record to be retrieved without comparison operations.
Common Algorithms
The content of data structure research: how to organize data according to certain logical structures and choose appropriate storage methods to store the logically structured data in the computer's storage. The purpose of algorithm research is to process data more effectively and improve data operation efficiency. Data operations are defined on the logical structure of the data, but their specific implementation is carried out on the storage structure. There are several common operations:
-Search: Searching is finding nodes that meet certain conditions within a data structure. Usually, it involves giving a value of a certain field and looking for nodes with that field value.
-Insert: Adding new nodes to the data structure.
-Delete: Removing specified nodes from the data structure.
-Update: Changing one or more fields of a specified node.
-Sort: Rearranging nodes in a specified order, such as ascending or descending.