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HTML URL Encoding Reference Manual


URL encoding converts characters into a format that can be transmitted over the internet.


URL - Uniform Resource Locator

Web browsers request pages from web servers via URLs.

A URL is the address of a web page, for example: https://www.tutorialpro.org.


URL Encoding

URLs can only be sent over the internet using the ASCII character set.

Since URLs often contain characters outside the ASCII set, the URLs must be converted to a valid ASCII format.

URL encoding replaces non-ASCII characters with a "%" followed by two hexadecimal digits.

URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding usually replaces a space with a "+".


Try It Yourself

If you click the "Submit" button below, the browser will URL encode the input before sending it. The page on the server will display the received input.

Try entering some other characters and then click the submit button again.


URL Encoding Functions

JavaScript, PHP, and ASP provide functions to URL encode strings.

Use the encodeURI() function in JavaScript, rawurlencode() function in PHP, and Server.URLEncode() function in ASP.

Click the "URL Encoding" button to see how the JavaScript function encodes the text.

Note: The JavaScript function encodes spaces as %20.


URL Encoding Reference Manual

ASCII Character URL-Encoded
space %20
! %21
" %22
# %23
$ %24
% %25
& %26
' %27
( %28
) %29
* %2A
+ %2B
, %2C
- %2D
. %2E
/ %2F
0 %30
1 %31
2 %32
3 %33
4 %34
5 %35
6 %36
7 %37
8 %38
9 %39
: %3A
; %3B
< %3C
= %3D
> %3E
? %3F
@ %40
A %41
B %42
C %43
D %44
E %45
F %46
G %47
H %48
I %49
J %4A
K %4B
L %4C
M %4D
N %4E
O %4F
P %50
Q %51
R %52
S %53
T %54
U %55
V %56
W %57
X %58
Y %59
Z %5A
[ %5B
\ %5C
] %5D
^ %5E
_ %5F
` %60
a %61
b %62
c %63
d %64
e %65
f %66
g %67
h %68
i %69
j %6A
k %6B
l %6C
m %6D
n %6E
o %6F
p %70
q %71
r %72
s %73
t %74
u %75
v %76
w %77
x %78
y %79
z %7A
{ %7B
| %7C
} %7D
~ %7E
%7F
` %80
 %81
%82
ƒ %83
%84
%85
%86
%87
ˆ %88
%89
Š %8A
%8B
Œ %8C
 %8D
Ž %8E
 %8F
 %90
' %91
' %92
" %93
" %94
%95
%96

URL Encoding Reference Manual

ASCII control characters were originally designed to control hardware devices such as printers and tape drives. These characters do not serve any function in URLs.

ASCII Character Description URL-Encoded
NUL null character %00
SOH start of header %01
STX start of text %02
ETX end of text %03
EOT end of transmission %04
ENQ enquiry %05
ACK acknowledge %06
BEL bell (ring) %07
BS backspace %08
HT horizontal tab %09
LF line feed %0A
VT vertical tab %0B
FF form feed %0C
CR carriage return %0D
SO shift out %0E
SI shift in %0F
DLE data link escape %10
DC1 device control 1 %11
DC2 device control 2 %12
DC3 device control 3 %13
DC4 device control 4 %14
NAK negative acknowledge %15
SYN synchronize %16
ETB end transmission block %17
CAN cancel %18
EM end of medium %19
SUB substitute %1A
ESC escape %1B
FS file separator %1C
GS group separator %1D
RS record separator %1E
US unit separator %1F
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