HTML ISO-8859-1 Reference Manual
ISO-8859-1
In HTML 4.01, ISO-8859-1 is the default character set.
ISO (International Standards Organization) defines standard character sets for different alphabets/languages.
Different variants of ISO-8859 are listed at the bottom of this page.
ISO 8859-1 and ASCII
The first part of ISO-8859-1 (entity numbers 0-127) is the original ASCII character set. It includes digits, uppercase and lowercase English letters, and some special characters.
For more details on ASCII, see the complete ASCII reference manual.
In ISO-8859-1, the codes from 128 to 159 are unused, but many browsers will display characters from the ANSI (Windows-1252) character set instead of displaying nothing.
For more details on ASCII, see the complete ASCII reference manual.
ISO 8859-1 Symbols
The second part of ISO-8859-1 (codes 160-191) includes commonly used special characters.
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-breaking space | |||
| ¡ | ¡ | ¡ | Inverted exclamation mark |
| ¢ | ¢ | ¢ | Cent sign |
| £ | £ | £ | Pound sign |
| ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | Currency sign |
| ¥ | ¥ | ¥ | Yen sign |
| ¦ | ¦ | ¦ | Broken vertical bar |
| § | § | § | Section sign |
| ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | Spacing diaeresis |
| © | © | © | Copyright sign |
| ª | ª | ª | Feminine ordinal indicator |
| « | « | « | Left-pointing double angle quotation mark |
| ¬ | ¬ | ¬ | Not sign |
| | | | Soft hyphen |
| ® | ® | ® | Registered trademark sign |
| ¯ | ¯ | ¯ | Spacing macron |
| ° | ° | ° | Degree sign |
| ± | ± | ± | Plus-minus sign |
| ² | ² | ² | Superscript two |
| ³ | ³ | ³ | Superscript three |
| ´ | ´ | ´ | Spacing acute |
| µ | µ | µ | Micro sign |
| ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | Pilcrow sign |
| · | · | · | Middle dot |
| ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | Spacing cedilla |
| ¹ | ¹ | ¹ | Superscript one |
| º | º | º | Masculine ordinal indicator |
| » | » | » | Right-pointing double angle quotation mark |
| ¼ | ¼ | ¼ | Fraction one quarter |
| ½ | ½ | ½ | Fraction one half |
| ¾ | ¾ | ¾ | Fraction three quarters |
| ¿ | ¿ | ¿ | Inverted question mark |
ISO 8859-1 Characters
The last part of ISO-8859-1 (codes 192-255, except 215 and 247) includes characters used in Western European languages.
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| À | À | À | Capital letter A with grave accent |
| Á | Á | Á | Capital letter A with acute accent |
| Â | Â | Â | Capital letter A with circumflex accent |
| Ã | Ã | Ã | Capital letter A with tilde |
| Ä | Ä | Ä | Capital letter A with umlaut mark |
| Å | Å | Å | Capital letter A with ring above |
| Æ | Æ | Æ | Capital letter AE |
| Ç | Ç | Ç | Capital letter C with cedilla |
| È | È | È | Capital letter E with grave accent |
| É | É | É | Capital letter E with acute accent |
| Ê | Ê | Ê | Capital letter E with circumflex accent |
| Ë | Ë | Ë | Capital letter E with umlaut mark |
| Ì | Ì | Ì | Capital letter I with grave accent |
| Í | Í | Í | Capital letter I with acute accent |
| Î | Î | Î | Capital letter I with circumflex accent |
| Ï | Ï | Ï | Capital letter I with umlaut mark |
| Ð | Ð | Ð | Capital letter Eth (Icelandic) |
| Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | Capital letter N with tilde |
| Ò | Ò | Ò | Capital letter O with grave accent |
| Ó | Ó | Ó | Capital letter O with acute accent |
| Ô | Ô | Ô | Capital letter O with circumflex accent |
| Õ | Õ | Õ | Capital letter O with tilde |
| Ö | Ö | Ö | Capital letter O with umlaut mark |
| × | × | × | Multiplication sign |
| Ø | Ø | Ø | Capital letter O with stroke |
| Ù | Ù | Ù | Capital letter U with grave accent |
| Ú | Ú | Ú | Capital letter U with acute accent |
| Û | Û | Û | Capital letter U with circumflex accent |
| Ü | Ü | Ü | Capital letter U with umlaut mark |
| Ý | Ý | Ý | Capital letter Y with acute accent |
| Þ | Þ | Þ | Capital letter Thorn (Icelandic) |
| ß | ß | ß | Small letter sharp s (German) |
| à | à | à | Small letter a with grave accent |
| á | á | á | Small letter a with acute accent |
| â | â | â | Small letter a with circumflex accent |
| ã | ã | ã | Small letter a with tilde |
| ä | ä | ä | Small letter a with umlaut mark |
| å | å | å | Small letter a with ring above |
| æ | æ | æ | Small letter ae |
| ç | ç | ç | Small letter c with cedilla |
| è | è | è | Small letter e with grave accent |
| é | é | é | Small letter e with acute accent |
| ê | ê | ê | Small letter e with circumflex accent |
| ë | ë | ë | Small letter e with umlaut mark |
| ì | ì | ì | Small letter i with grave accent |
| í | í | í | Small letter i with acute accent |
| î | î | î | Small letter i with circumflex accent |
| ï | ï | ï | Small letter i with umlaut mark |
| ð | ð | ð | Small letter eth (Icelandic) |
| ñ | ñ | ñ | Small letter n with tilde |
| ò | ò | ò | Small letter o with grave accent |
| ó | ó | ó | Small letter o with acute accent |
| ô | ô | ô | Small letter o with circumflex accent |
| õ | õ | õ | Small letter o with tilde |
| ö | ö | ö | Small letter o with umlaut mark |
| ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | Division sign |
| ø | ø | ø | Small letter o with stroke |
| ù | ù | ù | Lowercase letter u with grave accent |
| ú | ú | ú | Lowercase letter u with acute accent |
| û | û | û | Lowercase letter u with circumflex accent |
| ü | ü | ü | Lowercase letter u with umlaut mark |
| ý | ý | ý | Lowercase letter y with acute accent |
| þ | þ | þ | Lowercase letter thorn in Icelandic |
| ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | Lowercase letter y with umlaut mark |
Variants of ISO-8859
| Character Set | Description | Coverage |
|---|---|---|
| ISO-8859-1 | Latin alphabet part 1 | North America, Europe, Latin America, Caribbean, Canada, Africa |
| ISO-8859-2 | Latin alphabet part 2 | Eastern Europe |
| ISO-8859-3 | Latin alphabet part 3 | SE Europe, Esperanto, miscellaneous others |
| ISO-8859-4 | Latin alphabet part 4 | Scandinavian, Baltic (and other parts not in ISO-8859-1) |
| ISO-8859-5 | Latin/Cyrillic part 5 | Languages using Cyrillic alphabet, such as Bulgarian, Belarusian, Russian, and Macedonian |
| ISO-8859-6 | Latin/Arabic part 6 | Languages using Arabic alphabet |
| ISO-8859-7 | Latin/Greek part 7 | Modern Greek and mathematical symbols from Greece |
| ISO-8859-8 | Latin/Hebrew part 8 | Languages using Hebrew alphabet |
| ISO-8859-9 | Latin 5 part 9 | Turkish. Identical to ISO-8859-1 except using Turkish characters instead of Icelandic characters |
| ISO-8859-10 | Latin 6 Lappish, Nordic, Eskimo | Nordic languages |
| ISO-8859-15 | Latin 9, aka Latin 0 | Similar to ISO 8859-1, but replaces some uncommon symbols with the Euro symbol and other missing characters |
| ISO-2022-JP | Latin/Japanese part 1 | Japanese |
| ISO-2022-JP-2 | Latin/Japanese part 2 | Japanese |
| ISO-2022-KR | Latin/Korean part 1 | Korean |