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C++ Conditional Operator ? :

C++ Operators

Exp1 ? Exp2 : Exp3;

Where Exp1, Exp2, and Exp3 are expressions. Note the use and position of the colon. The value of the ? : expression depends on the result of Exp1. If Exp1 is true, then the value of Exp2 is evaluated and becomes the value of the entire ? : expression. If Exp1 is false, then the value of Exp3 is evaluated and becomes the value of the entire ? : expression.

The ? is known as the ternary operator because it takes three operands and can be used to replace an if-else statement like the one shown below:

if(condition){
   var = X;
}else{
   var = Y;
}

For example, consider the following code:

if(y < 10){ 
   var = 30;
}else{
   var = 40;
}

The above code can be written as:

var = (y < 10) ? 30 : 40;

Here, if y is less than 10, then var is assigned the value 30; otherwise, var is assigned the value 40. Consider the following example:

Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main ()
{
   // Local variable declaration
   int x, y = 10;

   x = (y < 10) ? 30 : 40;

   cout << "value of x: " << x << endl;

   return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:

value of x: 40

C++ Operators

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