Bootstrap Layout
Introduction
In this tutorial, you will learn how to use the Bootstrap toolkit to create fixed and fluid layouts. The tutorial is based on Bootstrap version 2.0.
In version 2.0, Bootstrap added responsive features for mobile phones, tablets, laptops, small desktops, and large widescreen desktops.
Bootstrap Fixed Layout
If you want to create a webpage or app based on fixed pixel dimensions, refer to this part of the tutorial.
Usage
<body>
<div class="container">
...
</div>
</body>
Explanation
Lines 261 to 273 of bootstrap.css (located in docs\assets\css under the main Bootstrap folder) render the styles for the main container, creating a fixed layout. The purpose of a fixed layout is to create a layout with a width of 940 pixels (default) for the webpage or app.
Example of Bootstrap Fixed Layout
The following code creates a fixed layout for a webpage. To customize, create a new CSS file named example-fixed-layout.css, in the same folder as bootstrap.css, in addition to the default styles.
CSS Code
body {
padding-top: 60px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.nav li {
padding-top: 5px;
}
.leaderboard {
padding: 60px;
margin-bottom: 30px;
background-image: url('/twitter-bootstrap/images/gridbg.gif');
background-repeat:repeat;
-webkit-border-radius: 6px;
-moz-border-radius: 6px;
border-radius: 6px;
}
.leaderboard h1 {
font-size: 40px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
line-height: 1;
letter-spacing: -1px;
color:#FF6600;
}
.leaderboard p {
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: 200;
line-height: 27px;
}
HTML Code
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Example of Fixed Layout with Bootstrap version 2.0</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="Example of Fixed Layout with Bootstrap version 2.0 from w3cschool.cc">
<meta name="author" content="">
<!-- Le styles -->
<link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/example-fixed-layout.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<!-- Le fav and touch icons -->
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/favicon.ico">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png">
</head>
<body>
<div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container">
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</a>
<a class="brand" href="#">
<img decoding="async" src="/images/w3r.png" width="111" height="30" alt="w3cschool logo" /></a>
<div class="nav-collapse">
<ul class="nav">
<li class="active">
<a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#about">About</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--/.nav-collapse --></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<!-- Main hero unit for a primary marketing message or call to action -->
<div class="leaderboard">
<h1>w3cschool Web Store</h1>
<p>Try and purchase HTML5, JS, Ruby, PHP-MySQL based web apps to enhance your productivity at an affordable price.</p>
<p>
<a class="btn btn-success btn-large">Sign Up for a 30 day free trial</a></p>
</div>
<!-- Example row of columns -->
<div class="row">
<div class="span4">
<h2>HTML5 and JS Apps</h2>
<p>This is an English translation of the provided text. The original text is in Chinese, but the content appears to be in Latin or pseudo-Latin, which does not require translation. Here is the English version of the text:</p> <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p> <p><a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">View apps</a></p> </div> <div class="span4"> <h2>Ruby Apps</h2> <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p> <p><a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">View apps</a></p> </div> <div class="span4"> <h2>PHP MySQL Apps</h2> <p>Donec sed odio dui. Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus.</p> <p><a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">View apps</a></p> </div> </div> <hr> <footer> <p>© Company 2012</p> </footer> </div> <!-- /container --> <!-- Le javascript==================================================- -> <!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster --> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-transition.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-alert.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-modal.js"></script>
<script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-dropdown.js"></script>
<script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script>
<script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tab.js"></script>
<script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tooltip.js"></script>
<script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-popover.js"></script>
<script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-button.js"></script>
<script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-collapse.js"></script>
<script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-carousel.js"></script>
<script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-typeahead.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
View Online
View the above example in a different browser window.
Bootstrap Fluid Layout
If you want to create a non-fixed layout, i.e., a percentage-based layout to make the layout more flexible, refer to this part of the tutorial.
Usage
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="span2">
<!--Sidebar content-->
</div>
<div class="span10">
<!--Body content-->
</div>
</div>
</div>
Explanation
Lines 274 to 285 of bootstrap.css (located in the docs\assets\css folder of the bootstrap main folder) render the styles for the main container, thereby creating a fluid layout. The purpose of the fluid layout is to create a percentage-based layout (e.g., width=20%) for a web page or app.
Example of Bootstrap Fluid Layout
The following code creates a web page with a fluid layout. To customize, create a new CSS file, example-fluid-layout.css, alongside bootstrap.css in the same folder, in addition to the default styles.
CSS Code
body {
padding-top: 60px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.nav li {
padding-top: 5px;
}
.sidebar-nav {
padding: 9px 0;
}
.leaderboard {
padding: 60px;
margin-bottom: 30px;
background-image: url('/twitter-bootstrap/images/gridbg.gif');
background-repeat: repeat;
-webkit-border-radius: 6px;
-moz-border-radius: 6px;
border-radius: 6px;
}
.leaderboard h1 {
font-size: 40px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
line-height: 1;
letter-spacing: -1px;
color: #FF6600;
}
.leaderboard p {
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: 200;
line-height: 27px;
}
.well {
background-image: url('/twitter-bootstrap/images/gridbg.gif');
background-repeat: repeat;
-webkit-border-radius: 6px;
-moz-border-radius: 6px;
border-radius: 6px;
}
.nav .nav-header {
font-size: 18px;
color: #FF9900;
}
HTML Code
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Example of Fixed Layout Using Bootstrap Version 2.0</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="Example of Fluid Layout with Bootstrap version 2.0 from w3cschool.cc">
<meta name="author" content="">
<!-- Le styles -->
<link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/example-fluid-layout.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<!-- Le fav and touch icons -->
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/favicon.ico">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"></head>
<body>
<div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container-fluid">
<a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</a>
<a class="brand" href="#"> <img decoding="async" src="/images/w3r.png" width="111" height="30" alt="w3cschool logo" /></a> <div class="nav-collapse"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="active"> <a href="#">Home</a></li> <li> <a href="#about">About</a></li> <li> <a href="#contact">Contact</a></li> </ul> <p class="navbar-text pull-right">Logged in as <a href="#">username</a></p> </div> <!--/.nav-collapse --></div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span3"> <div class="well sidebar-nav"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li class="nav-header">Frontend</li> <li class="active"> <a href="#">HTML 4.01</a></li> <li> <a href="#">HTML5</a></li> <li> <a href="#">CSS</a></li> <li> <a href="#">JavaScript</a></li> <li> <a href="#">Twitter Bootstrap</a></li> <li> <a href="#">Firebug</a></li> <li class="nav-header">Backend</li> <li> <a href="#">PHP</a></li> <li> <a href="#">SQL</a></li> <li> <a href="#">MySQL</a></li> <li> <a href="#">PostgreSQL</a></li> <li> <a href="#">MongoDB</a></li>
English: </ul> </div><!--/.well --> </div><!--/span--> <div class="span9"> <div class="leaderboard"> <h1>Learn. Practice. Develop.</h1> <p>w3cschool offers web development tutorials. We believe in Open Source. Love standards. And prioritize simplicity and readability while serving content.</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-success btn-large">Join w3cschool now</a></p> </div> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span4"> <h2>Learn</h2> <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">Start Learning now</a></p> </div><!--/span--> <div class="span4"> <h2>Practice</h2> <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">Start Practicing now</a></p> </div><!--/span--> <div class="span4"> <h2>Develop</h2> <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p> <p> <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">Start developing now</a></p> </div><!--/span--> </div><!--/row--> <hr> <footer> <p>© Company 2012</p> </footer> </div> </div> </div><!--/.fluid-container-->
<!-- Le javascript==================================================- -> <!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster --> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-transition.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-alert.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-modal.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-dropdown.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tab.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tooltip.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-popover.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-button.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-collapse.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-carousel.js"></script> <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-typeahead.js"></script> </body> </html>